Reflexiones sobre el progresismo colombiano en el amanecer después del solsticio de verano, 2026

No obstante la gran probabilidad (para mí, realidad) de que intervención extranjera por parte de los EE.UU., Israel y sus colonias latinoamericanas (Argentina, Bolivia, Ecuador, Paraguay, etc.) impactó nuestra elección presidencial en forma importante, la realidad es que el progresismo colombiano, en temas electorales cometió grandes errores durante los últimos cuatro años y no con respecto a las políticas que se propusieron como grandes reformas en el Congreso sino en la manera que se buscó implementarlas, y en las relaciones públicas.  Aún más, peleamos entre nosotros a todo nivel en forma constante y publica y es más fácil organizar gatos que organizarnos a nosotros.  Decisiones importantes sobre candidaturas no se hicieron en forma estratégica sino en forma exageradamente idealista e ideológica ignorando la meritocracia y la percepción pública.  Escoger una mujer noble pero sin experiencia como vicepresidente fue un error mortal.  Y escoger a Iván cepeda como nuestro candidato presidencial sin considerar su impacto unificador con respecto a la derecha, en vez de alguien como Clara López, fue otro.

Si en los escrutinios triunfa de la Espriella, lo cual es probable dado el control sobre la judicatura, el Consejo Nacional Electoral, la Registraduría y la Procuraduría  por la derecha, entonces es probable que la derecha gobernara no por cuatro sino por lo menos por ocho años, teniendo un vicepresidente muy preparado y ambicioso listo para las contiendas del 2028.  Tenemos que mirarnos en un espejo real y pensar bien cómo vamos a seguir.  ¿Existe una figura capaz de liderar una oposición efectiva en el Congreso durante los proximo cuatro años cuando somos minoría aunque con el partido más grande?  ¿Existe alguien con el carisma, la sabiduría y la experiencia para ser serio candidato presidencial serio en el 2028? 

Lamentablemente no lo veo.  Lo que veo es que como en Argentina, volveremos a ser colonia no solo de los EE.UU., pero de Israel, con sionistas comprando valiosas partes de nuestro país.  Y la culpa es nuestra por haber desperdiciado una oportunidad casa única.  Quizas, algún día tendremos otra oportunidad de crear un país progresista justo, equitativo, económicamente y ambientalmente sostenible, meritocratico y en paz pero, por ahora, solo nos queda aprender como funcionar en forma unida sin peleas internas constantes y como triunfar sin dividirnos y sin ser soberbios con respecto a nuestro éxito.

Ojala el señor Abelardo de la Espriella no sea quien parece ser y que su lealtad sea hacia Colombia pero muy posiblemente volvió la horrible noche que por tantos años ha oscurecido la tierra más bella de mundo.

_______

© Guillermo Calvo Mahé; Manizales, 2026; todos derechos reservados.  Permiso para compartir con atribución.

Guillermo Calvo Mahé es escritor, comentarista, analista político y académico residente en la República de Colombia. Aspira ser poeta y filósofo empírico y a veces se lo cree.  Hasta el 2017 coordinaba los programas de Ciencia Política, Gobierno y Relaciones Internacionales de la Universidad Autónoma de Manizales. En la actualidad, participa en entrevistas radiales y televisadas, foros, seminarios y congresos cívicos y edita y publica la revista virtual, The Inannite Review disponible en Substack.com/.  Tiene títulos académicos en ciencias políticas (del Citadel, la universidad militar de la Carolina del Sur), derecho (de la St. John’s University en la ciudad de Nueva York), estudios jurídicos internacionales (de la facultad posgrado de derecho de la New York University) y estudios posgrado de lingüística y traducción (del Centro de Estudios Latinoamericanos de la Universidad de la Florida).  Sin embargo, también es fascinado por la mitología, la religión, la física, la astronomía y las matemáticas, especialmente en lo relacionado con lo cuántico y la cosmogonía.  Puede ser contactado en guillermo.calvo.mahe@gmail.com y gran parte de su escritura está disponible a través de su blog en https://guillermocalvo.com/.

A Reflection on D Day, Eighty-Two Years Later

June 6, 2026

Today’s anniversary of the invasion of Normandy on June 6, 1944, primarily by United States and British troops is a bitter day for me because the things we were taught our ancestors fought for and that so many died to attain seem to have been illusory, mere propaganda.  “Never again” has become, “Look away and move on, nothing here to see”.  Genocide and ethnic cleansing have become, if not acceptable, at least easy to ignore while lawyers quibble of their meaning.

Those who died and were maimed and fought on that day expected better from us but we’ve let them down, we’ve let them down completely, and that’s a travesty not worthy of celebration.

Democracy is and perhaps has always been at best dysfunctional, everywhere.  And the United States now has its own Führer, an uber-leader who can do no wrong in the eyes of his followers.  And European countries have coalesced into a sort of Fascist Italy, each country ignoring the will of the vast majority of its population under weak, corrupt and inept leaders, all (perhaps with the exception of Russia and Spain) terrified to abide by the purported signature accomplishment of the Second World War, the decisions of the Nuremburg tribunals and the Charter of the United Nations, lest the Zionist media and financiers (rather than Nazis) destroy them, one by one. 

An image of the see-no-evil-hear-no-evil-criticize-no evil simian caricature comes to mind (my apologies to simians everywhere). 

So many lives lost on and after June 6, 1944, so many promises made and never kept.

That’s what I’ll remember today, a day of mourning rather than celebration.
_____

© Guillermo Calvo Mahé; Manizales, 2026; all rights reserved.  Please feel free to share with appropriate attribution.

Guillermo (“Bill”) Calvo Mahé (a sometime poet and aspiring empirical philosopher) is a writer, political commentator and academic currently residing in the Republic of Colombia (although he has primarily lived in the United States of America of which he is also a citizen). Until 2017 he chaired the political science, government and international relations programs at the Universidad Autónoma de Manizales. Previously, he chaired the social studies and foreign language departments at the Eastern Military Academy in Huntington, New York. He is currently the publisher of the Inannite Review available at Substack.com; an intermittent commentator on radio and television; and, an occasional contributor to diverse periodicals and publications. He has academic degrees in political science (BA, The Citadel, the Military College of South Carolina), law (JD, St. John’s University, School of Law), international legal studies (LL.M, the Graduate Division of the New York University School of Law) and translation and linguistic studies (GCTS, the University of Florida’s Center for Latin American Studies). However, he is also fascinated by mythology, religion, physics, astronomy and mathematics, especially with matters related to quanta, cosmology and cosmogony. He can be contacted at guillermo.calvo.mahe@gmail.com and much of his writing is available through his blog at https://guillermocalvo.com/.

Análisis sobre los resultados de la primera vuelta de elecciones presidenciales en Colombia, 2026

Como era predecible, Colombia va a segunda vuelta con Abelardo de la Espriella e Iván Cepeda y, con el dinero disponible para de la Espriella desde sus propias fuentes y fuentes con origen en países como los EE.UU., Israel, Argentina, etc., tiene buena posibilidad, quizás probabilidad de ganar en segunda vuelta, en especial si hay reconciliación con Paloma Valencia, Álvaro Uribe y el Centro Democrático. 

Paloma Valencia cometió muchos errores y le costó.  Más que todo en su decisión sobre su fórmula vicepresidencial, Juan Daniel Oviedo Arango, quien, por ser gay, le restó muchos más votos de los que le agregó.  Los votos que le resto se fueron con de la Espriella y los votos que le agrego se los cobro a Iván Cepeda.  Esa es nuestra Colombia.  Ademas, por buscar aproximarse al casi inexistente centro político colombiano, perdió muchos votos de derecha, todos los cuales, con mucho placer, los acepto Abelardo de la Espriella.

En el caso de Iván Cepeda, también creo le costó mucho su selección de formula vicepresidencial, Aida Marina Quilcue Vivas, una mujer noble y admirable, pero comparada con José Manuel Restrepo Abondano, la formula vicepresidencial de Abelardo de La Espriella, sufrió mucho.  José Manuel Restrepo Abondano le sumo mucho a de la Espriella en temas de educación,  trayectoria académica y gubernamental, importantes debilidades de Abelardo de la Espriella.  Y la masiva diferencia en los gastos de dinero hizo el resto.  También, creo que los jóvenes no salieron en forma masiva para apoyar al senador Cepeda como lo hicieron con Gustavo Petro.  Eso siempre ha sido el problema con contar con el apoyo de las generaciones más jóvenes.

Abelardo de la Espriella recaudo y gastó más que el doble las sumas que les eran disponibles a Paloma Valencia e Iván Cepeda y eso, sin contar la masiva cantidad de dinero adicional gastado “indirectamente” por interventores internacionales.  Ese dinero dominó a los medios sociales, en especial TikTok e Instagram.  Los dominó, no solo con apoyadores, sino con “bots”, falsas noticias, espectáculo, etc., manejados con la enorme experiencia y dinero del sionismo.  Y el apoyo casi total por los medios de comunicación que les pertenecían en algunos casos a antiguos clientes, no sobró.

No sé si en segunda vuelta Iván Cepeda se pueda recuperar a no ser que, por el constante y exagerado triunfalismo del liderazgo del Pacto Histórico, muchos de sus adherentes se encontraron perezosos este domingo.  Y ahora se encuentran totalmente despiertos.  Lo dudo.  Entonces, esperemos que la carne de mula, como ahora se come en Argentina, nos guste.  Por suerte, soy más que todo vegetariano.

Pronto veremos.

_______

© Guillermo Calvo Mahé; Manizales, 2026; todos derechos reservados.  Permiso para compartir con atribución.

Guillermo Calvo Mahé es escritor, comentarista, analista político y académico residente en la República de Colombia. Aspira ser poeta y filósofo empírico y a veces se lo cree.  Hasta el 2017 coordinaba los programas de Ciencia Política, Gobierno y Relaciones Internacionales de la Universidad Autónoma de Manizales. En la actualidad, participa en entrevistas radiales y televisadas, foros, seminarios y congresos cívicos y edita y publica la revista virtual, The Inannite Review disponible en Substack.com/.  Tiene títulos académicos en ciencias políticas (del Citadel, la universidad militar de la Carolina del Sur), derecho (de la St. John’s University en la ciudad de Nueva York), estudios jurídicos internacionales (de la facultad posgrado de derecho de la New York University) y estudios posgrado de lingüística y traducción (del Centro de Estudios Latinoamericanos de la Universidad de la Florida).  Sin embargo, también es fascinado por la mitología, la religión, la física, la astronomía y las matemáticas, especialmente en lo relacionado con lo cuántico y la cosmogonía.  Puede ser contactado en guillermo.calvo.mahe@gmail.com y gran parte de su escritura está disponible a través de su blog en https://guillermocalvo.com/.

A Brief Reflection on Gerrymandering and How to Minimize It

Gerrymandering is now completely out of control thanks to the GOP, the Democrats and the politicized judiciary.  The only practical solution is one adopted by most countries in the world and that is multi-legislator districts, preferably on a state wide basis, with proportional representation.  How would that work?  Or better yet, how does it work successfully in so many places. 

Well, take California with, I believe, 55 representatives elected to the House of Representatives.  Each California voter would have 55 votes which he or she could allocate to a single candidate (55) or divide among a number of candidates.  As an illustration, if a voter wanted to allocate his or her votes equally among eleven candidates, each would receive five votes, or the 55 votes could be distributed among the eleven candidates in any manner the voter deemed appropriate.  Or the voter could provide one vote each to 55 candidates.  California, with the largest representation in the House is the most complex example, states with less representation would be inversely simpler.  It is, in essence, what happens in the states that only elect one member to the House, it is a statewide contest with no gerrymandering possible. 

To make things easier, California and other states with large House membership could be divided into smaller voting districts.  In the California case for example, it could be divided into five voting districts, each electing eleven legislators,  While that would still permit efforts to distort the vote through gerrymandering, it would be more difficult to do so and less efficient, but in any case, much better that the single member system we have now.  And it can be implemented on a state by state basis through local legislation rather than on a federal level which would, in my opinion, require a constitutional amendment.  The latter might be the best solution for the long term but harder to implement. 

Something to consider for those who really care about electoral integrity rather than merely about maximizing the power of the political party to which they have become subservient.
_____

© Guillermo Calvo Mahé; Manizales, 2026; all rights reserved.  Please feel free to share with appropriate attribution.

Guillermo (“Bill”) Calvo Mahé (a sometime poet and aspiring empirical philosopher) is a writer, political commentator and academic currently residing in the Republic of Colombia (although he has primarily lived in the United States of America of which he is also a citizen). Until 2017 he chaired the political science, government and international relations programs at the Universidad Autónoma de Manizales. Previously, he chaired the social studies and foreign language departments at the Eastern Military Academy in Huntington, New York. He is currently the publisher of the Inannite Review available at Substack.com; an intermittent commentator on radio and television; and, an occasional contributor to diverse periodicals and publications. He has academic degrees in political science (BA, The Citadel, the Military College of South Carolina), law (JD, St. John’s University, School of Law), international legal studies (LL.M, the Graduate Division of the New York University School of Law) and translation and linguistic studies (GCTS, the University of Florida’s Center for Latin American Studies). However, he is also fascinated by mythology, religion, physics, astronomy and mathematics, especially with matters related to quanta, cosmology and cosmogony. He can be contacted at guillermo.calvo.mahe@gmail.com and much of his writing is available through his blog at https://guillermocalvo.com/.

Irreconcilable Incoherence and the Unalterable Demise of Empathy

Another “assassination” attempt in the United States.  The third one in two years.  All three directed at Donald J. Trump.  Several while he was a presidential candidate and now one as president.  Predictably, the president and his supporters blame Democratic criticism of Mr. Trump and the media’s reaction to the Epstein scandals while refusing to acknowledge that they themselves engage in similar rhetoric when given the chance, both branches of the AIPAC controlled uniparty doing everything possible to increase polarization within the United States electorate[1]

To me, the issue is more serious and more strategic.  What to me is very different this time is that the Trump administration no longer treats assassinations or murders of heads of state or of their families or of their cabinets and their families as crimes, at least when the United States and Israel engage in such activities.  The generality of such crimes which constitute violations of the most fundamental principal of international law, jus cogens, no longer seems applicable in the context of the United States and if assassination of political leaders is no longer a crime when engaged in by the United States, how would it then be a crime when engaged in against its own leaders?  Legal logic, possibly an oxymoron, would dictate that political assassination is either always or never legal.  In the pure legal sense, there is no room for self-serving hybrids.

Cole Tomas Allen, a 31 year old engineer, a purportedly highly intelligent and well educated individual, apparently believed that it was his duty to target Trump administration officials because of their connection to Jeffrey Epstein’s heinous crimes involving rape, pederasty, sexual abuse of minors, murder and satanic rituals, crimes which Mr. Allen’s targets refused to investigate, at least that’s what he claimed according to a note he sent family members minutes before the attack.  There are also allegations that he was a pro-Ukraine fanatic furious because of declining United States support for the Volodymyr Oleksandrovych Zelenskyy regime and even a photograph briefly posted on Instagram of Mr. Allen in an Israeli Defense Forces sweatshirt[2].  Indeed, “Never Trumpers” have little trouble believing that all three purported attempts on Mr. Trump’s life were orchestrated, something to which Mr. Trump’s reactions sometimes add credibility.  For example, immediately following the latest incident Mr. Trump and members of his cabinet went on the air to indicate how the incident proved the need for the “Big, Beautiful White House Ballroom” currently tied up in litigation.  Furthermore, Mr. Trump and his supporters used the incident to justify renewal of authority for warrantless spying on United States citizens.  Based on the prevalence of artificial intelligence, it’s impossible verify any of the allegations involving Mr. Allen’s motivation, ludicrous though they may be.  If they are. 

So, based on the foregoing, how is Mr. Allen to be judged based on the current state of the law?  Or is he to be judged at all?  After all, conviction without trial is hardly unusual now, at least when the United States is involved.  Or Israel.

Many people I know, men who I trust admire and respect and who share a similar educational background with me, at least through undergraduate studies, see no problem with what the United States and Israel have done to leaders in Iran, and in Gaza and in Lebanon and in Syria and in Libya and in Iraq.  The list goes on.  But they’re horrified when assassination is “attempted”, even unsuccessfully, in the United States, whether the attempts are successful or not and whether against United States political leadership or against civic leaders like Charlie Kirk (unless, of course, it involved an Israeli project, the assassination Charley Kirk and of United States president John F. Kennedy in 1963 comes to mind, or the attack on the USS Liberty).  Paranoia, apparently, is catching and I may have a touch, which brings to mind a probable urban myth concerning President Richard M. Nixon who, purportedly once exclaimed: “just because I may be paranoid does not mean there are not people out to get me.  In Mr. Nixon’s case he was obviously right (no pun intended).

So, is “the do as I say and not as I do” refrain some parents used in the past (perhaps some still do) applicable when it comes to legal concepts such as crimes?  In legal systems the concept of “comity”, a concept related to reciprocity, would seem applicable.  But do legal systems still exist?  Did they ever?  Or are they as much of an illusion as are the concepts of democracy or of liberty or of accountability for one’s actions regardless of who one is (i.e., that purportedly no one is above the las)?

It’s entirely possible that neither international nor constitutional law (at least United States constitutional law) now exist.  Perhaps only the “state of nature” posited in the seventeenth century by political philosopher Thomas Hobbes exists, one where only power matters (as Donald Trump has expressly stated).  The demise of law and of legal systems in an international context seems like a cancer metastasizing but one which may soon spread to domestic law.  Remember when, starting with the Obama administration, it became acceptable, if perhaps not really legal, for United States agents to kill United States citizens using drones and other means without a trial or even an indictment and without the excuse of self-defense?  I do.  It sickened me then, it sickens me now.  It especially sickens me when its probity among our citizenry depends on the political party in power at the time.  Especially in light of the reality that, in the United States, both major political parties are AIPAC owned, AIPAC bought and paid for.

My friends who find the extrajudicial execution of United States citizens and foreign leaders acceptable are, to the best of my knowledge, Christians, and religious Christians at that, and they claim to live in accordance with the Decalogue (the formal term for the Ten Commandments), or at least to try to do so.  Most insist that the Decalogue should be posted in classroom and courthouses and in public buildings and public spaces.  One of the commandments, not the least important, forbids murder.  But, then again, it’s never really been taken seriously as a universal proscription, after all, we have abortion and capital punishment and war and “collateral damage” and lately, much to the surprise of many of us but not to many of my friends, the perception that genocide itself is not really wrong, or that deliberate mass murder of hundreds of thousands of civilians, most women, children and the elderly, is not “technically” genocide.  Not any more anyway.  Most of my conservative friends also claim to believe in a “strict interpretation” of the United States Constitution adopted in 1787 and of the first ten amendments thereto (adopted shortly thereafter), the ones contained in what we refer to as the Bill of Rights.  However, their attitude towards both the Constitution and especially the Bill of Rights has undergone a gradual metamorphosis and strict construction is no longer as strict as it once was.  That is especially true with respect to the first, fourth and fifth amendments to the Constitution and with respect to the fourteenth amendment adopted following the War Between the States (also referred to as the Civil War, although there was nothing “civil” about it). 

I wonder what my friends would feel “duty bound to do” if, as Mr. Allen purportedly believed, they believed that Mr. Trump and members of his administration were in fact involved in rape, pederasty, pedophilia, murder and satanic rituals and that it seemed that their actions would never be prosecuted?  Would it matter?  Would they dare to take the law into their own hands as Mr. Allen purportedly attempted to do?  Should they?  I was once pretty sure they would, after all, they were heroes many times over under circumstances involving life and death, their own and those of men and women they commanded.  Now, I’m pretty sure they would not.  But also, that they should not.  John Wilkes Booth firmly believed that Abraham Lincoln was a tyrant responsible for hundreds of thousands of deaths.  Brutus believed the same with respect to Julius Caesar.  Indeed, most political assassins are firmly convinced of the justice of their respective causes.  And they are frequently not wrong.  But as a society, until very recently, political assassination was anathema.  Or at least purportedly anathema.[3]  Is that still the perspective we should adopt?  Pragmatically it is and should be despite the resulting impunity, otherwise political violence would be even more prevalent than it currently is.  But the lid to the amphora in which Pandora purportedly kept the ills of the world safely locked has been smashed to smithereens.

I’m not a believer in the divinity of the person my friends refer to as Jesus (his real name was the Aramaic rendering of Yešu), nor am I any longer a believer in the god Yešu is said to have worshipped, YHWH, and whose son Yešu purportedly was[4].  But I am a believer in many of the proscriptions contained in the Decalogue and specifically the proscription against killing, and I am a believer in many of the teachings concerning interpersonal relations attributed directly to Yešu.  And I am a believer in the United States Constitution although I think it is long overdue for a massive revamping[5].  Consequently, to me, any assassination is anathema, any murder is anathema and all genocide is anathema.  But the greatest crime of all may be the corruption of the bravest and best among us, those we believed would protect us from the evil and corruption that surrounds us, those who, seeing it all, now accept it as right and proper and patriotic.  Something certainly not unique to United States society.  It obviously occurred as the Weimer Republic came to an end.

That people who share backgrounds so similar to mine have such divergent perspectives so passionately held is problematic.  For all of us I suppose.  As is the profound general demise of empathy and tolerance which has been replaced with intolerant polarization and the rejection of the philosophies reflected in United States Bill of Rights, philosophies that the world seemed to admire so much and which many societies sought to emulate.  But today’s world seems more like one in which the most fervent fascists defeated in the Second World War would feel comfortable.  Assassination of political leaders and their families and extermination through genocide and ethnic cleansing has somehow become reasonable, at least to many, and the imbalance of wealth between the wealthiest and the poorest now seems an unbreachable chasm.  As in preludes to civil wars, we see each other, even within families, as not just mistaken but evil, and we seem unable to even consider the reasons others hold opposing views.  The apparent human instinct to vilify is availed of by tiny minorities comprised of the worst among us in order to keep us divided and easily controlled, fighting each other while we’re slowly bled, morally, ethically, economically and physically.  We react based on our fears rather than our hopes, fears that are induced rather than prudent, casting aside the values of tolerance that we had seemingly been developing over the past several centuries.  The values which echoed those the gentle Nazarene from Palestine tried to teach us millennia ago.  Values largely predicated on a single concept: empathy.

How is it that so many Christians, that so many military officers (both serving and retired) who have willingly put their lives at risk to uphold a noble system of values, now so cavalierly reject them?  How is that those who so cavalierly wasted the lives and welfare of so many of my fellow alumni[6] now rule unfettered and without sacrifice over us?  People like the current president of the United States and his predecessor Joseph Robinette Biden, or Barrack Obama, or George W. Bush, etc., people who have no “skin in the game”, either theirs or their families.  People who continue to send the best of us to waste their lives, taking the lives of other young men and women, other sons and daughters, other mothers and fathers, other siblings and friends as though they were irrelevancies because they were born elsewhere and feel as strongly about their values as we purport to feel about ours?

How sick is that?  How sick are we?  Where have our values gone?  Where has our humanity gone?  For what have we exchanged it?  Would our planet be a better place without us?  If Yešu in fact lived, whether as a divinity or merely as an ethical human being, what would he think of us, especially of those who promote assassination and murder and genocide and ethnic cleansing and inequity and inequality and injustice, in his name?

So, back to more current events, should we be surprised that political assassination attempts and that mass killings in our schools are seemingly becoming so normal when the organized mass murder of so many millions abroad has become praiseworthy and when the armaments industry has become the prime beneficiary of a major portion of our earnings?

Are we really as stupid and manipulable and lacking in decency as the worst among us hope?  It’s hard to imagine that we are when we think of those we love and respect but, when we listen to them now, when we read their posts and their opinions, the decency inherent within them seems to have vanished.  It seems to have been stolen in a manner identical to the way the virtue of children is stolen when they’re raped and abused.  Something sickeningly more common than until recently, until after Epstein and friends were brought into the light of day (sort of), we thought possible.  But our hypocrisy and lack of empathy and ability to rationalize makes it possible, heaven or something like heaven, help us.
_____

© Guillermo Calvo Mahé; Manizales, 2026; all rights reserved.  Please feel free to share with appropriate attribution.

Guillermo (“Bill”) Calvo Mahé (a sometime poet and aspiring empirical philosopher) is a writer, political commentator and academic currently residing in the Republic of Colombia (although he has primarily lived in the United States of America of which he is also a citizen). Until 2017 he chaired the political science, government and international relations programs at the Universidad Autónoma de Manizales. Previously, he chaired the social studies and foreign language departments at the Eastern Military Academy in Huntington, New York. He is currently the publisher of the Inannite Review available at Substack.com; an intermittent commentator on radio and television; and, an occasional contributor to diverse periodicals and publications. He has academic degrees in political science (BA, The Citadel, the Military College of South Carolina), law (JD, St. John’s University, School of Law), international legal studies (LL.M, the Graduate Division of the New York University School of Law) and translation and linguistic studies (GCTS, the University of Florida’s Center for Latin American Studies). However, he is also fascinated by mythology, religion, physics, astronomy and mathematics, especially with matters related to quanta, cosmology and cosmogony. He can be contacted at guillermo.calvo.mahe@gmail.com and much of his writing is available through his blog at https://guillermocalvo.com/.


[1] See, e.g., Fisher, Anthony L. (2026): “The shameless hypocrisy of MAGA’s post-WHCD attack blame game”; MS Now, April 28, 2026, 6:00 a.m., EDT.

[2] See, e.g., Olson, Cade (2026):  “The Correspondents’ Dinner Shooting, Time Travel, and Solomon’s Temple: Conspiracy Roundup”, Substack, April 28, 2026.

[3] The Central Intelligence Agency, the Mossad, Britain’s MI6, etc., clearly not only believed otherwise but acted otherwise.  Do you perhaps remember Ngô Đình Diệm and the havoc that ensued?  Or president Kennedy?

[4] Jews, of course, reject those assertions as discussed in the Toledot Yeshu (See Calvo Mahé (2024): “The Life of Yešu According to Diverse Jewish Sources”; Academia.edu.).  Muslims take an equivocal position between the two, respecting Yešu as the second most important man who ever lived, and as their savior, but not as divine.

[5] See Calvo Mahé (“2023): “Motley Constitutionalism: a labyrinthine aphorism”, Academia.edu.

[6] E.g., of graduates from the Citadel, the Military College of South Carolina and from the Eastern Military Academy, and from institutions like those that to me seem so noble, institutions like the Virginia Military Institute, the United States Military Academy at West Point, the United States Naval Academy at Annapolis, the United States Air Force Academy at Colorado Springs, Norwich University, Texas A&M, etc., and, of course, of the men they led.

On the Demise of Empathy and Tolerance and Perhaps, Everything Else: Admittedly a Rant

I’m not a believer in the divinity of a purported Hebrew Palestinian who allegedly lived several millennia ago and is worshipped by billions of people today under names he probably never heard, Jesus for Christians and Isa al-Masih for Muslims.  His name, if he indeed lived would have been Yešu, the Aramaic variant of the foregoing Greek and Arabic versions.  But while I am not a believer in his divinity and have no way to determine whether he in fact ever existed, I am a profound believer in the fundamental messages that echo in his name: to love one another and treat others as we would have them treat us and to protect the weakest and most humble among us.  According to the “gospel” of someone named Matthew, a man who never knew Yešu but claimed to know a great deal about him, Yešu’s teachings might be summarized in eight blessings known as the “beatitudes”, i.e., blessed are the poor in spirit for theirs is the kingdom of heaven; blessed are those who mourn for they will be comforted; blessed are the meek for they will inherit the earth; blessed are those who hunger and thirst for righteousness for they will be filled; blessed are the merciful for they will be shown mercy; blessed are the pure in heart for they will see God; blessed are the peacemakers for they will be called children of God; blessed are those who are persecuted because of righteousness for theirs is the kingdom of heaven; and, blessed are you when people insult you, persecute you and falsely say all kinds of evil against you because of me.

Unfortunately, today, and, to be honest, relatively shortly after they were purportedly uttered, those teachings seem, at least to me, to have been completely distorted, principally by the followers of a certain Pharisee from Tarsus by the name of Saul, a strange man who subsequently went by a Roman name to which he claimed entitlement, Paulus.  History knows him as Paul at least in English (Pablo in Spanish, Paulo in Portuguese and Italian, etc.) and ironically, from my perspective, he has been recognized as a saint (although never formally beatified or canonized).  Jews, in diverse versions of their Toledot Yeshu claim that he was always one of theirs and that he infiltrated and distorted the embryonic organization of those who initially followed Yešu in order to save Judaism by severing the followers of Yešu into a new religion, one whose members Paul referred to as Χριστιανοί (Christianoí, in English, today Christians).  To me, he was, is and always will be, a psychotic fraud.

Based on what many people I care for and respect who consider themselves Christian have indicated to me, the beatitudes have little relevance with respect to what they perceive as a promise of salvation and eternal bliss (as opposed to a threat of damnation and eternal torture).  To many, perhaps most of them, the beatitudes are an irrelevance.  All that is required is a belief that Yešu is your personal savior and that “salvation” is a gift from the “holy spirit”, an aspect of Yešu and of his purported father, YHWH; a gift that can never be earned regardless of how good a person is.  However, that is not a universally held belief among Christians, or among Muslims (a religion that stems from Christianity in a manner similar to the way Christianity stems from Judaism).  There is a major dispute among those who consider themselves Christian as to whether or not “belief alone” is enough to attain “salvation” or whether it must be accompanied by “actions” that would be pleasing to Yešu and his father and to (I can’t quite qualify the nature of the relationship) the Holy Spirit.  A third variant believes that salvation is a predestined decision by YHWH/Yešu/Holy Spirit who arbitrarily (one assumes, by consensus) pre-select men and women for salvation before they are born (the “elect”).  There are tens of thousands of variants of Christianity organized into separate sects, many of which believe that only the members of their sect can attain salvation (plus 144,000 Jews), all others, including other Christians, being destined for “the Pit”, and that salvation will become possible only after Yešu returns to earth to establish a millennial kingdom which can only occur after a battle popularly referred to as Armageddon[1], a worldwide holocaust originating near the ancient Canaanite city of Jerusalem.

Yešu, had he lived and had he been a divine avatar, might have agreed with any of the foregoing hypotheses but if he was merely a man, albeit one with a profound sense of empathy and tolerance and hope and faith in human nature would, if he somehow returned to our world and studied our history, he would in all probability be appalled to see what has been done and what is being done in his name, although perhaps in Paul’s name would be more accurate, given that Christianity is a Pauline invention.

Many Christians, especially fundamentalist Christians in the United States, are thrilled with the conflict currently broiling in the Middle East as the Zionist State of Israel attacks all of its neighbors, engaging in horrific acts of genocide and ethnic cleansing which such Christians see as the prelude to Armageddon and they see the current president of the United States, Donald John Trump and his political movement within the Republican Party (Make America Great Again; “MAGA”) as the divinely inspired catalyst for such event.  That perception is rock solid notwithstanding Mr. Trump’s hedonism and alleged pedophilia, with his followers noting that most acts people believe to be anathema and mortal, even cardinal sins[2] are fine (as long as they don’t involve blasphemy) if undertaken by Jews (or on their behalf) against the Goyim (non-Jews) despite the fact that Christians (like them) are irredeemably Goyim.  Logic does not seem to be an impediment to such beliefs, rather, illogic is a strong suit in their support, illogic being an essential element of “faith” (see infra).

It is difficult for me to understand how any sane person, especially a well-educated sane person would accept the foregoing, especially one who is among the Goyim, but many people I love and respect somehow do. In order to try and understand the phenomenon, I’ve done quite a bit of historical, philosophical and religious research, something which started when I was very young, although, at that time, not being prescient, my interest in the quest for truth and for a potential divinity was not in response to the situation today.  Concurrently with such research I have, during the past decade, tried to understand the demise of concepts like empathy and tolerance which I have always associated with the teachings of Yešu.  Indeed, they seem to be at the core of his philosophy but alien to the version of Yešu’s philosophy espoused on his behalf by Paul and, unfortunately, alien to the movement Paul founded purportedly in the name of Yešu.  The movement to which so many of my friends belong.

The history of the myriad Pauline religions seems to involve irreconcilable existential internecine conflict, conflict frequently requiring the slaughter of those with differing perspectives in the name of incoherent trivia such as the nature of Yešu, i.e., whether or not he was human, divine or both, and if both, how those natures interacted and which had priority; what the appropriate hierarchical structure of Pauline institutions should be; and, which written accounts of Yešu and diverse humans raised to a semi-divine status as saints, were more or were less accurate.  And of course, whether belief “trumps” (pun intended) empathy, tolerance and good works.  Many of my friends, way too many, believe that murder, indeed mass murder; indeed genocide and rape and mayhem in the name of the quest for Armageddon and Israeli supremacy, are virtuous, while concurrently believing that economic doctrines that emphasize equality and equity such as promoted by Yešu (e.g., socialism) over property rights are anathema.  And their beliefs are somehow centered in their devout Christianity.  How weird is that?  They explain their posture by citing scripture, chapter and verse, although not quoting Yešu, rather, quoting Paul and his colleagues or, at times, the Hebrew Tanakh

We humans have an amazing capacity to rationalize and to accept the inexplicable as valid based on a concept we refer to as “faith”.  “Faith” can purportedly move mountains and not only requires no factual support, but even suggesting that facts might be useful in analyzing beliefs held by faith alone is considered anathema and sinful (e.g., the Trinitarian belief that monotheism is not impacted by the coexistent existence of three independent divine personalities in a single godhead; or, questioning the concept of “free will” where its exercise in a non-approved manner results in eternal damnation; or, the nature of divine love that sentences its subjects to, once again, eternal damnation; or, where a perfect creator’s imperfect creation permits the murder and rape and torture of the innocent).  Thus “faith” permits some of my friends to believe in the “sanctity of evil” and in the evil inherent in empathy and tolerance and, of course, the evil inherent in egalitarian concepts such socialism and communism as well as in the supreme importance of peace.[3]

To be honest, after having studied and taught comparative religions and related philosophies for over well over half a century, although I believe that I actually love the concept of Yešu as a philosopher, one akin to Siddhartha Gautama of the Sakya Clan (whose followers refer to as the Buddha), and perhaps even Laozi (formerly Lao Tzu, he of “the Way”) and Zoroaster, the ethical dualist, etc., I find the entirety of the ahistorical Abrahamic cosmogony/cosmology to be not only impossible to credit (absent complete reliance on “faith”), but internally self-destructive and incoherent and, as an example to follow, truly anathema.  It is the Abrahamic trilogy of faiths that more than anything else has led us to where we find ourselves: a world where greed, as embodied in the Calvinist concept of the Protestant Ethic, is good and the supremacy of one group of people over others, as in racism and xenophobia is divinely ordained, but that empathy, tolerance and equity are evil; where wars are a positive and peace merely a sign of weakness and lack of ambition.  And where the refusal to win at all costs is the surest pathway to perdition.

While based on the context truth may exist independently, in the absence of divinity, it seems that in order to create standards such as good and evil, morality and ethics, we humans invent superior supernatural parental figures but, since we are absolutely imperfect, we do a poor job in the god-creation department and even where we create decent divine examples, we ignore the directives that we ourselves evolutionally attribute to them through our ability to rationalize.  That is certainly the case with the Abrahamic religions and may be the case generally.  It probably is.  Which is why empathy and tolerance, etc., never really had a chance, other than as ideals most of us consign to “utopias” while we live in “dystopias”.  Today, April 18, 2026, I see no way out of the above described dilemmas, at least for humanity.  I hope that I’m wrong and that recent events in the Middle East and their echoes in the United States have merely brought on a sort of depression.  But if I’m not wrong, perhaps if humanity passes away, the planet might be saved, even if it has to start all over again with a new dominant life form.  But if it isn’t saved (due to our “bequests”), perhaps our solar system will not notice our virulent demise.  And if our solar system does not notice it, certainly our galaxy shouldn’t either.  We can only hope that life has not, does not and will not infect other aspects of the multiverse the way we have in our tiny corner of creation.

So, so much for empathy and tolerance and survival.

What a depressing retrospective!
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© Guillermo Calvo Mahé; Manizales, 2026; all rights reserved.  Please feel free to share with appropriate attribution.

Guillermo (“Bill”) Calvo Mahé (a sometime poet and aspiring empirical philosopher) is a writer, political commentator and academic currently residing in the Republic of Colombia (although he has primarily lived in the United States of America of which he is also a citizen). Until 2017 he chaired the political science, government and international relations programs at the Universidad Autónoma de Manizales. Previously, he chaired the social studies and foreign language departments at the Eastern Military Academy in Huntington, New York. He is currently the publisher of the Inannite Review available at Substack.com; an intermittent commentator on radio and television; and, an occasional contributor to diverse periodicals and publications. He has academic degrees in political science (BA, The Citadel, the Military College of South Carolina), law (JD, St. John’s University, School of Law), international legal studies (LL.M, the Graduate Division of the New York University School of Law) and translation and linguistic studies (GCTS, the University of Florida’s Center for Latin American Studies). However, he is also fascinated by mythology, religion, physics, astronomy and mathematics, especially with matters related to quanta, cosmology and cosmogony. He can be contacted at guillermo.calvo.mahe@gmail.com and much of his writing is available through his blog at https://guillermocalvo.com/.


[1] Really a place, or, based on its Hebrew etymology, har məgīddō (הר מגידו), “a mountain” or “a range of hills”.

[2] “Sin” is a strange concept, without a consistent logical connection, and is branched, at least by Christians, into a hierarchy which, from lesser towards anathema, starts with venial sins, then mortal sins, then cardinal sins and culminates in blasphemy.  It’s only common link is that sin displeases the divine entity and most displeasing of all appears to be anything that challenges that entity’s claim to supremacy.

[3] On the other hand, in the absence of a defining divinity, good and evil, morals, ethics, etc., may only be human concepts unaligned with nature and “relativists” among us argue that values are really non-existent so, in that case, … Never mind.

Diplomacy, History and Eric Arthur Blair

The triumphalism on all sides with regard to the two week suspension on the Israeli orchestrated United States attacks on Iran seems counterproductive.  No one has won and everyone has lost, especially the sense of decency in international affairs, the concept of “law” (not just internationally but constitutionally) and, of course, the families of all the victims who have been murdered.  Murdered just as surely as victims continue to be murdered in armed conflicts where the only victors are the military industrial complex against which Ike warned us well over half a century ago.  We humans are easily manipulated and induced to engage in inhuman conduct and inherent hypocrisy, assisted by our ability to profoundly express moral and religious beliefs which we cavalierly ignore, usually in the name of false patriotism and purportedly in an incoherently misdirected quest for security, all desensitized by “bread and circuses” (but without the bread).

Diplomacy has become nonexistent, especially among the states that comprise the North Atlantic Treaty Organization.  But it’s also become non-existent among the victims of that (purportedly) defensive alliance; victims who seem more interested in antagonizing mad bulls than in manipulating them (as the wise-weak once did in artful forms of agonizing savage bulls). But then again, those bulls had been tamed and drugged after having been captured and imprisoned and thus, the metaphor does not quite fit, except perhaps as a visual aid.  Name calling, insulting and cursing; threats; imposition of economic sanctions designed to cause starvation; kidnapping and murdering of opposition leaders, those are the new norms and norms tend to be copied.  Just noting.  While the foregoing deterioration of the polite and subtle discourse that once characterized foreign services is accelerating, accelerating in alarming fashion, it is not all that new.  It’s been a growing trend for at least half a century.  Or perhaps for a millennium or two.  And while diplomacy tends to involve inter-state affairs, the trend has leaked into the domestic sphere, now characterizing domestic politics as well.  But it hasn’t stopped there.  Check your social media; Yankees’ fans have really caught on.  And the exchange of information at all levels has become the art of disinformation, artful disinformation so-to-speak.  B.F. Skinner’s legacy, the gift that keeps on giving is now freed from Madison Avenue and Hollywood.  It’s become ubiquitously omnipresent, now enhanced by artificial intelligence.  Empathy???  Hmmm, what’s that?

As a historian, political analyst and commentator I look at what is reported as news today and which will soon calcify into purported history and ask myself how much of what we’ve been taught, how much of what I’ve taught, about the unending armed conflicts we humans engage and have engaged in since we evolved into our most primitive forms as members of the homo genus series of species; forms that purportedly separated us from the ancestors of our simian cousins, or perhaps from the first spark of life, is even partially accurate.  Certainly some of it has to be even if only by pure coincidence or perhaps, carelessness.  But most of it is not.  Is it any wonder then that we seemingly learn absolutely nothing from our devastating mistakes, mistakes we refuse to admit and which we paper over with noble sounding platitudes? 

Today, because of the resemblance to the attitudes preceding the first and second wars to end all wars, World War comes to mind.  At its conclusion purportedly back and white distinctions between the combatants were drawn, albeit only after research into critical interpretative factors was made illegal.  Made criminal, formally and culturally, with those who questioned official narratives labeled immoral deviants.  World War II, like World War I, turned out to be a war in which the victors who wrote the history were at least as evil as the vanquished, although following World War II the leaders of the vanquished were executed in what now seem to have been show trials held in the vanquished city of Nuremburg.  In hindsight, the victors, the ones who first engaged in nuclear warfare after having engaged in their own forms of genocide for millennia seem more evil than those who they conquered, … well, conquered again.  And again and again and again.  Now, I ask myself, and I ask those who chance to read this article, has anything we’ve been taught about that horrible conflict actually proven to have been accurate?  Consider this: the purported victims of the Nazis whose protection was a purportedly existential obligation have, during more than three quarters of a century, acted no differently with respect to Palestinians, Lebanese, Syrians, etc., than did their purported victimizers acted with respect to them.  Genocide then was evil, today it’s necessary to combat terrorism (which is what the Nazis and Japanese and Italians claimed they were doing way back when).  And unprovoked sneak attacks?  Well they apparently no longer involve “days that will live in infamy” but rather, days of national pride.  And nuclear weapons?  Well, they were briefly anathema but now they’re to be hoarded for possible use, when and if convenient.  The names and faces have been changed as detective sergeant Joe Friday might have said on the old television series Dragnet (back in simpler times) but, in this case, they’ve been changed to protect the guilty rather than the innocent.

Thus we find ourselves where we are.

Devastatingly polarized and confused by the ever changing variants of “official” verities just as B.F. Skinner’s nemesis (well, other than Noam Chomsky), Eric Arthur Blair writing as George Orwell presciently predicted three quarters of a century ago (just before he prudently died, leaving us to fend for ourselves).
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© Guillermo Calvo Mahé; Manizales, 2026; all rights reserved.  Please feel free to share with appropriate attribution.

Guillermo (“Bill”) Calvo Mahé (a sometime poet and aspiring empirical philosopher) is a writer, political commentator and academic currently residing in the Republic of Colombia (although he has primarily lived in the United States of America of which he is also a citizen). Until 2017 he chaired the political science, government and international relations programs at the Universidad Autónoma de Manizales. Previously, he chaired the social studies and foreign language departments at the Eastern Military Academy in Huntington, New York. He is currently the publisher of the Inannite Review available at Substack.com; an intermittent commentator on radio and television; and, an occasional contributor to diverse periodicals and publications. He has academic degrees in political science (BA, The Citadel, the Military College of South Carolina), law (JD, St. John’s University, School of Law), international legal studies (LL.M, the Graduate Division of the New York University School of Law) and translation and linguistic studies (GCTS, the University of Florida’s Center for Latin American Studies). However, he is also fascinated by mythology, religion, physics, astronomy and mathematics, especially with matters related to quanta, cosmology and cosmogony. He can be contacted at guillermo.calvo.mahe@gmail.com and much of his writing is available through his blog at https://guillermocalvo.com/.

Thirty Pieces of Silver: A Historical Reflection on the American Israeli Public Affairs Committee and its Impact on the United States’ Political System

Abstract:  This essay deals with the evolution of the American Israeli Public Affairs Committee in the United States and its impact on United States domestic and international policies, criticizing the acceptance of large sums of money by United States public officials to represent the interests of Israel.  Money which originates in taxes paid by United States residents which are then granted to Israel and by Israel, to AIPAC, etc.  It also touches on the nature of conflicts of interest and their resolution.  It is meant as a catalyst of further discussion and research with readers urged to personally review the informational links in the footnotes in order to make their own determinations as to the positions expressed by the author and, as a caveat to those, in the United States and elsewhere who while exercising a public charge in one country accept funding from another, or on behalf of another.  The essay concludes that “the phenomenon of public officials elected or appointed to protect the interests of their county accepting payments or contributions or assistance from other countries as an inducement to implement policies favorable to the “benefactor” is hardly rare and is the cornerstone of the foreign policy of many “developed countries” including the United States, the United Kingdom, all Western European countries, the Russian Federation and the People’s Republic of China.  In each case, however, the recipient is betraying the public trust of the citizens of the country he or she purports to represent”   Key words:  AIPAC, Zionism, Judaism, “United States”, Congress, “Conflicts of Interest”, Antisemitism, “Political ‘contributions’”.

Introduction:

It seems that during the first three decades of this millennium there has been an inversion of the values espoused at the end of 1945 following the Second World War when in the conquered German city of Nuremburg tribunals were held to try some of the men that were deemed the worst violators of norms that regulated human behavior.  Quite a number of those men were executed, sacrificed to what the victors sought to portray as a better future.  But it was all a farce.  Only the vanquished were punished and the institution created to assure that the horrors of the Second World War would never be repeated, the institution that replaced the idealistic Wilsonian League of Nations, was as big a farce as any.  The truth is that the victors in the Second World War were every bit as evil as the vanquished.  Just perhaps better at public relations.

The issue of genocide as anathema at the end of the Second World War was blatant hypocrisy.  In terms of numbers of human beings murdered, the victors far exceeded the vanquished.  The British Empire had already murdered over a hundred million human beings in its attempts to colonize the world, the United States had engaged in genocide against its indigenous population, and that was to be just a start.  And Leopold of Belgium had murdered ten million of his subjects in Africa.  As to genocide, the Nazis were pikers.  But useful pikers for those who sought to engage in genocide and ethnic cleansing in the oil rich Middle East.

As this essay is being written, both the victors and the vanquished in the Second World War, as well as those who claim to speak in the name of the victims of the Nazi genocide, have disowned the legal principles and obligations the victors imposed on the world following the Second World War.  The principles that representatives of the victims of the Nazi “holocaust” established as law in their roles as prosecutors and judges of the Nuremburg Tribunals.  “Might makes right” as the Nazis seem to believe is the concept that, in the end has emerged triumphant.  And “truth”, well it never has been all that important except as a deceptive slogan, an illusion to control the masses.

Still, perhaps pure evil in its arrogance has lifted a veil that in the end, may prove to be its undoing.  This essay is dedicated to uncomfortable truths, in the hope that at some point, even the most recalcitrant at self-delusion may have their eyes forced open.

One of the principal elements illustrated by Eric Arthur Blair, writing under the pen name George Orwell, in his dystopian epic 1984 (published in 1948) was the irrelevance of truth which, rather than an accurate invariable was a non-existent ideal, the reality being that what passed for truth at any given moment was merely a variable distortionist tool to manipulate the illusion of reality in order to permit a dedicated and amoral minority to exercise consistent control.  It was, however, not a prediction of a horrendous potential future but a reflection of the reality under which the world had operated, not only for centuries, but perhaps since the evolution of language.  That is the world in which we live and in which all of us currently alive have lived for our entire lives.

The crux of this essay seeks to lift the political veil under which the United States political system (and others) has operated at least since the end of the Second World War.  The title metaphorically references the account in the Gospel of Matthew of the Christian New Testament concerning the betrayal of Yešu the Nazarene by his erstwhile disciple, Judas Iscariot[1] (Matthew 26:15).  In that account, chief priests of the Second Jewish Temple in Jerusalem purportedly offered Judas “thirty pieces of silver” as an inducement to assist them in the capture of Yešu, an offer which Judas purportedly accepted but of which he subsequently repented, returning the money which the chief priests then purportedly used to buy Akeldama, popularly now referred to as the Potter’s Field[2].  The Potters’ Field was purportedly thereafter purportedly used as a burial ground for poor, unknown, and foreign individuals[3].  The reference in the title equates the conduct of politicians, especially federal elected officials in the United States, with that of Judas Iscariot in the cited passage, analogizing Yešu to the United States’ citizenry and the role of the Jewish priests to the American Israel Public Affairs Committee (AIPAC), specifically with respect to bankrolling electoral politics in the United States[4]: massively rewarding politicians who do their bidding and destroying those who oppose them by recruiting and by bankrolling their opposition.  The main difference is that the beneficiaries of AIPAC’s “generosity” rarely if ever repent and their betrayal is constant, consistent and to date, massively effective.  Best of all for AIPAC, the ultimate victims are not only blissfully unaware of the betrayal but even revel in it in a sort of Stockholm syndrome, a psychological phenomenon where a hostage develops a bond with their captors.  Facts do not move them, instead, they merely increase an obstinate refusal to acknowledge reality.

Another difference is that the equivalent of the “thirty pieces of silver” does not come directly from the coffers of AIPAC but rather starts its twisted journey in the form of taxes paid by United States residents to the government for which their betrayers supposedly work, a large portion of which is then transferred to Israel in the form of loans and grants and then a portion is contributed by Israel and Israeli benefactors to AIPAC.  A viscously vicious circle.  Such sums, in the aggregate, may involve trillions of dollars siphoned off to fund Israel and projects of interest to Israel, the foreign government that AIPAC was created to serve.  And to related military “adventures” although perhaps misadventures may be a more accurate term.[5]

So, about AIPAC.

Historical Background:

Most of the following information concerning the organization and history of AIPAC was obtained from The Israel Lobby Archive, Institute for Research: Middle Eastern Policy (“ILA”; 2008-2017): including articles encaptioned “Isaiah L. Kenen: Foreign Agent to Founder of AIPAC” and “DOJ orders the AZC to Register as a Foreign Agent”.  The archive can be accessed at https://www.israellobby.org/index.html and contains significantly more information that what is briefly summarized in this essay.  A great deal of the information is factual and not difficult to verify, hence it is very credible, however, “opinions” should be separated from factual assertions.  The Institute for Research: Middle Eastern Policy; Washington D.C. is a 501(c)(3) organization that conducts research largely through Freedom of Information Act requests but is criticized by Zionist organizations as anti-Israel.  It is a detailed source of information that appears objective concerning the evolution of Zionism in the United States to which reference is made.  Readers should probably review such materials on their own.  For a Zionist perspective on the history and origins of Zionism, see generally Halperin, Liora (2015): “Origins and Evolution of Zionism”; Foreign Policy Research Institute, January 9, 2025 available at https://www.fpri.org/article/2015/01/origins-and-evolution-of-zionism/.  A detailed academic analysis is contained in Mearsheimer, John and Walt, Stephen (2006): “The Israel Lobby and U.S. Foreign Policy“.  London Review of Books Vol. 28, No. 6 (March 23, 2006), available at www.lrb.co.uk.

AIPAC’s genesis was in the late nineteenth century when the Zionist movement was organized, ironically, by a Hungarian atheist, Theodor (Binyamin Ze’ev) Herzl, who presided over the first World Zionist Congress in Basel, Switzerland, in August of 1897.  In reaction to millennia of antisemitism, its goal was the establishment of a nationalist state somewhere where Jews could safely consolidate their political, economic and cultural traditions, with religion a distant, secondary consideration.  Notwithstanding the foregoing, some historians and scholars identify American evangelist William E. Blackstone as the true “father of modern-day Zionism”, arguing that his efforts predated those of Theodor Herzl.

 In 1943, the United States link between Zionism and a Jewish State in the British mandate of Palestine was established by Abba Hillel Silver, a rabbi from Cleveland, Ohio, who organized the American Zionist Emergency Council to coordinate support among American Jews for the establishment of a “Jewish State” in the British mandate of Palestine[6].  The Jewish Agency for Israel, a Jerusalem-based, non-governmental organization established in 1929 (the “Jewish Agency”)[7] which served as the executive arm of the World Zionist Organization was an essential intermediary in the formation and management of the American Zionist Emergency Council.  The latter was heavily funded throughout the 1950s and early 1960s by the Jewish Agency (specifically by its American Section), laundering money received from Israel and from wealthy Zionists to influence United States policy.  In 1949, Rabi Silver’s organization was renamed the American Zionist Council.  However, AIPAC itself was formed in 1953, originally as the American Zionist Committee for Public Affairs by Isaiah Leo Kenen.  Mr. Kenan, a Canadian-born journalist and lawyer, was an interesting fellow and self-described philanthropist (although perhaps more a beneficiary of Zionist philanthropy).  He had initially been involved in lobbying both the United States Congress and the United Nations on behalf of the Jewish Agency in Palestine seeking implementation of the Balfour Declaration and, once Israel was established, he briefly joined the Israeli delegation to the United Nations. 

In the fall of 1948, Arthur Liverhant, second secretary of the Israeli mission to the United Nations, initiated correspondence with the United States Department of Justice concerning registration of formal Israeli “information” offices in Washington, D.C., and New York City and on October 10th of that year they were registered under the Foreign Agents Registration Act of 1938 (the “FAR Act”) when Mr. Liverhant submitted the required forms to the Department of Justice.  Rita Grossman, Bernard Zamichow, Isaiah Kenen, Harvey Rosenhouse and Harry Zinder were listed as its officers and Mr. Kenen was listed as the Director of Information at the New York office.  In his related personal foreign agent disclosure application Mr. Kenan wrote “none” in response to the section requiring disclosure of all connections with foreign officials although in his biographies he noted the existence of working relations with many Israeli officials during the relevant period, including Abba Eban and David Ben-Gurion.  The Justice Department found a number of deficiencies in the form submitted by Mr. Kenan and required him to file supplemental information.  However, although he visited Congress to lobby for arms and aid to Israel during January of 1950, Mr. Kenen chose not to disclose such lobbying.

At the suggestion of the Israeli government Mr. Kenan almost immediately began seeking a means to circumvent the foreign agent registration requirements and the related oversight as they applied to him thus, on February 13, 1951, he advised the Justice Department that he was resigning from the Israel Office of Information, asserting that he had “severed” his relations with the Israel government and requesting that his name be removed from Israel’s FAR Act registration.  In furtherance of the foregoing, he advised the Justice Department that he was starting his own independent consulting firm and admitted that the government of Israel would probably be his first client.  In fact, his consulting firm was entirely funded by the new State of Israel and he continued reporting directly to diverse Israeli agencies including the foreign office and the recently organized Mossad[8].  In furtherance of his request to be relieved of reporting obligations under the FAR Act, Mr. Kenan advised the FAR Act section of the Justice Department that in his new roles, although he might travel to Israel and received compensation from Israel, the FAR Act should not be deemed applicable to him or to the American Zionist Council; however, he omitted very relevant related facts such as the fact that he was still conducting tours and engaging in lobbying initiatives on behalf of the Israeli government, for example, with visiting Senator Jacob Javits and with Congressmen Ribicoff, Fugate, Keating, O’Toole, Barrett and Fein.  Furthermore, while he claimed that his employment at the American Zionist Council had “expired” before his Israel visits, the interruption, if it occurred, was brief as he immediately returned to his lobbying role with that organization (assuming he had ever left it), a role represented as uninterrupted in his biographies. 

The FAR Act section of the Justice Department initially bought into Mr. Kenan’s inaccurate representations concluding that because, according to his affirmations, during his trip to Israel he had not published or transmitted any documents or propaganda material to the United States, neither he nor the American Zionist Organization was acting within the United States as an agent of a foreign principal.  However, shortly thereafter, the Federal Bureau of Investigation received copies of Israel Office of Information literature circulating without required foreign agents’ disclosure stamps and initiated a related investigation which, a decade later, during the administration of John F. Kennedy, resulted in a contentious relationship.  As a result of such investigation, the Senate initiated hearings. 

During the pendency of the Senate hearings, Mr. Kenan and the State of Israel became worried that he would be investigated by the State Department for not registering as a foreign agent and, because of such concerns and in reaction to international criticism of the October 1953 Qibya massacre in which Israeli troops under Ariel Sharon killed at least 69 Palestinian villagers, two-thirds of them women and children[9], it was decided by Israel that the lobbying efforts of the American Zionist Council should be separated into a separate organization with separate finances and Mr. Kenan, with Israeli and Zionist funding, formed such separate entity. One that, not being tax exempt, was believed by the Israeli government to be empowered to engage in unsupervised lobbying on its behalf.  The entity formed was the American Zionist Committee for Public Affairs which was renamed the American Israeli Public Affairs Committee (AIPAC) in 1959.

On October, 31, 1962, almost a decade after the United States Senate first began to investigate the issue of Israeli influence over United States foreign and domestic policy, assistant attorney general and director of the Justice Department’s internal security division, J. Walter Yeagley, notified then attorney general Robert F. Kennedy that registration of the American Zionist Council under the FAR Act was indeed required and had in fact been solicited.  Mr. Yeagley, described the American Zionist Council as comprised “of representatives of the various Zionist organizations in the United States, including the Zionist Organization of America”, and for some reason, he did not believe that such interpretation would be controversial based on prior discussions between the longtime head of the FAR Act registration section, Nathan B. Lenvin, with both Mr. Kenan and Jewish Agency representative Maurice M. Boukstein.  During such discussions Mr. Lenvin had made it clear that, in his view, the activities of both groups appeared to involve an agency relationship with the State of Israel that required registration.  Based on such determinations, on November 11, 1962, the Justice Department “requested” that the American Zionist Council register under the FAR Act because it had received funds from the American Section of the Jewish Agency for Israel.  However, to Mr. Lenvin’s surprise, the American Zionist Council declined to honor the “request”.  Instead, the American Zionist Council’s president, Rabbi Irving Miller, insisting that the “request” for registration raised “many questions of fact and of relationships which should be resolved” prior to compliance and requested an extension of 120 days and such request was granted.

During those 120 days the American Zionist Council’s legal counsel, well known former federal district court judge Simon H. Rifkind, advised his client to completely discontinue the agency relationship with Israel and to cut off the receipt of any additional funds and Judge Rifkind informed Mr. Lenvin that he had so advised his client.  However, when informed of the foregoing, Mr. Lenvin pointed out that the termination of such activities would not absolve the American Zionist Council of its obligation to register at which point the American Zionist Council initiated a public relations campaign in the media and in communications with its supporters insisting that the American Zionist Council’s attorneys firmly believed that the law was on its side and that registration under the FAR Act was not appropriate.  The Justice Department rejected that position on April 1, 1963 with Mr. Lenvin insisting that litigation should be initiated should the American Zionist Council not comply. 

Judge Rifkind, a very well-connected jurist active in political affairs, then complained to a number of his political and media contacts asserting that the vast number of Jews who adhered to the principles of Zionism could not understand how “our administration’ [the United States government] could do such harm to the Zionist movement and impair the effectiveness of the Council by insistence on registration” and Judge Rifkind appealed to Justice Department demanding that it exercise its discretionary power to waive such requirements in the interest of justice.  At that point Judge Rifkind found an ally in the Justice Department, assistant attorney general Nicholas Katzenbach (subsequently to serve as attorney general under the more Zionist friendly Lyndon Baines Johnson) who intervened, suggesting that, as a compromise, the American Zionist Council might offer to make full disclosure of the receipt and expenditure of the funds it had received from the Jewish Agency so that such information would be available for public inspection, thus accomplishing “the purposes and objectives of the Registration Act” and eliminating the need for further government action.  The stalemate continued until the assassination of President John F. Kennedy, when a more friendly administration apparently concurred with Mr. Katzenbach’s suggestion and thus AIPAC’s began its unprecedented rise to political power.

With massive funding from wealthy Zionists and “discreet” funding directly by Israel, AIPAC quickly grew into an extremely powerful group and, after the assassination of President John F. Kennedy in 1963 (and thereafter of Robert F. Kennedy in 1968, both of whom had been thorns in the side of the Zionist project to attain nuclear arms for Israel[10]), Zionists acting on behalf of the Israeli government became legally permitted to circumvent restrictions on foreign funding of United States political campaigns so that, eventually, AIPAC became the largest funder of Congressional and presidential campaigns for both the Republican and Democratic parties but, adding a stick to the carrot,  it also became actively involved in recruiting and funding candidates to replace office holders who refused to support AIPAC’s “Israel First” policies[11].  AIPAC also became active in a similar manner at the state and even local levels.

Observations:

Based on AIPAC’s efforts, during the period since the administration of pro-Israeli president Lyndon Baines Johnson until October 7, 2023, Israel had received more than 300 billion dollars in direct United States government aid (in inflation adjusted current dollars)[12], a small fraction of what it had cost AIPAC to finance both major parties at all levels.  But, as importantly, in addition to the foregoing, Israel and AIPAC apparently coordinated (and coordinate) activity among the wealthiest Zionists in the United States and elsewhere[13] facilitating their accumulation of massive wealth, a portion of which is donated to AIPAC and more directly to Israel.  Zionist activists similar to AIPAC operate in the United Kingdom where they succeeded in dislodging Labour leader Jeremy Corbin from political contention and replaced him with current Zionist Prime Minister Keir Starmer and, in France, they secured the election of Rothschild pupil Emmanuel Macron as president.  In Argentina, Zionists recently secured the replacement of Peronism with Zionist Javier Milei and in Colombia Zionists are currently backing right wing presidential contender Paloma Valencia as well as her right wing rival Abelardo de la Espriella.  Indeed, Zionists operatives have been funding and advising (more accurately, perhaps, controlling) political leaders and movements all over Europe and Latin America, as well as in the Pacific Basin for decades.  The metaphorical thirty pieces of silver have indeed gone a long way.[14]

That for three quarters of a century Israel has engaged in genocide and ethnic cleansing in Palestine has, in large part, been facilitated by AIPAC which not only finances Israeli interests but shields it from criticism in the United States and Europe through Zionist controlled media, as well as from legal consequences through its impact on the United States political and judicial system.  That is also true in the United Kingdom and Australia as well as throughout the European Union.  The efforts of AIPAC, as recent disclosure seems to imply, appear to have been massively supplemented by illicit activities undertaken by “sort of financier”, Jeffery Epstein who, apparently on behalf of the Israeli Mossad, exerted massive control over financial and political leaders all over the world through blackmail “honey pot” activities (and much worse).

Of course, those who accept AIPAC funding in exchange for their votes and for their performance or non-performance of political, administrative, civic and journalistic duties are at least as much to blame as the secretive membership and leadership[15] of AIPAC, probably more so, and voters who permit themselves to be duped, election after election, are to blame as well.  Indeed, it is amazing that so many current and retired members of the United States armed forces as well as fundamentalist Christians whose religion is despised by Zionists, including many people for whom the author cares and who he admires, have become enthralled with supporting AIPAC causes and see no problem with their preferred candidates accepting AIPAC’s tainted political contributions.  To them, for some reason, notwithstanding their United States citizenship and in many cases, solemn oaths to uphold and defend the United States Constitution, Israel comes first.  Something then Senator Barack Obama once expressed publicly and which many United States politicians, elected and appointed officials and members of the armed forces have also expressed.  Consider Senator Lindsay Graham for example, and even presidents Biden and Trump.  Thus, today, as noted above, the metaphorical thirty pieces of silver have gone a long, long way towards attaining the Zionist dream of regional conquest of the Middle East and indirect domination of many major worldwide centers of political, economic and cultural power (as antisemites long claimed Jews would), albeit at United States’ taxpayers expense.  Such generalized attribution to Jews is, however, patently unfair.  Many, many Jews absolutely reject Zionism and certainly not all Zionists are Jews.  Indeed, it may well be that Christian Zionists in the United States vastly outnumber their Jewish counterparts: an irony given that after Israel has gone after and murdered hundreds of thousands of Muslims in the Middle East, Israelis are now attacking Christians there as well.[16]

Conclusions:

There was a time when accepting what amount to bribes from foreign powers in exchange for an elected or appointed public officials’ loyalty was considered treason.  Not so today.  And that is not only true in the United States.  Ironically perhaps, the bribes are largely United States’ tax payer funded.  Under the second Trump administration, much of the veil that concealed AIPAC and Israeli activities and goals has been cast aside and their activities are much more brazen with concepts such as international law and crimes against humanity openly mocked as irrelevancies.  Power in its most naked form has been unmasked as the only basis for political decisions and impunity is now openly praised.  A world in chaos is seen as opportunity laden and is openly pursued.  Idealism has become a quaint anachronism at best.  If the foregoing seems a drastic change, it isn’t, it’s business as usual only now, a bit more openly acknowledged and accepted.  The need for subtlety and subterfuge now seemingly unnecessary, corruption has now become not only omnipresent but admired.

In light of the foregoing, the alleged treason of Judas Iscariot now seems almost petty.[17]  For well over half a century the government of the United States has not represented its citizenry.  Indeed, way too many of its elected representatives derive more income from AIPAC, albeit denominated as political contributions, than they are paid by the United States directly for their services, and a great many have become millionaires.  Key figures include former Speaker Nancy Pelosi and Senators Rick Scott and Mark Warner, all staunch Israeli supporters.  AIPAC not only has an improper and undue influence over the government but its allies also control the military industrial complex President Dwight David Eisenhower urged us to be wary of in his farewell address and investors in that industry derive huge fortunes at the expense of future generations of United States citizens who are now burdened with over thirty eight trillion dollars in debt even though they are yet to be born.  And Israel has corrupted the moral fiber to which the United States once aspired.  Now, along with Israel, the United States promotes genocide and ethnic cleansing; indeed, it finances it.  And like Israel, under current president Donald J. Trump, the United States now asserts that international law is meaningless, that only power matters. 

The author recently published reflections on a film released in 1984 entitled “Red Dawn”, a film released when the United States still considered itself the champion of the oppressed rather than of the oppressors[18].  That is clearly no longer the case.  But the irony lies in the reality that instead of having been conquered by a rival super power, the United States has been conquered from within, by United States citizens whose loyalties are elsewhere.  In the case of Zionists, Israel is where their hearts are and they are less to blame for where the United States now finds itself than are those who, believing themselves patriotic Americans and believing themselves devout Christians, have permitted themselves to be deluded by those with other values, other loyalties and other aspirations.  Others who perceive of themselves as racially superior and more beloved in the eyes of the Abrahamic god and thus, entitled to hegemonic rule over those who are genetically, racially and religiously impure.  Those deluded souls deserve what they will eventually receive but billions of others do not.

During the 1960’s, especially while I was a cadet at the Citadel, the Military College of South Carolina, I was drawn to the David versus Goliath version of Zionism I’d been taught but as I became more intellectually independent, especially while I was completing a post legal degree in International Legal Studies at the Graduate Division of the New York University School of Law, I became aware that I had been profoundly deceived about the nature of Zionism, and about the nature of Palestinians and Palestine and Iran, and about the history I had been teaching for almost a decade.  That has, of course, been made obvious during the tenure of Benjamin Netanyahu as prime minister of Israel, as Israel has infected the United States with its disdain for human rights and international law, and as the vast majority of the citizens of Israel have amazingly become avid supporters of ethnic cleansing and genocide.  Thus, I am now and have been for several decades, an avowed opponent of Zionism and of AIPAC, as this essay makes palpable.  Thus, like current Colombian president Gustavo Francisco Petro Urrego with whom I’ve had the opportunity to personally interact and who, despite his tendency to become pugnacious in defense of the values he holds dear, I greatly admire[19], I oppose all forms of racial, ethnic and religious supremacist theories profoundly believing that all men and women are born equally and are entitled to the opportunity to attain their highest potential while respecting the rights of others.  It is in that spirit that I wrote this essay.

Conflicts of interest are unavoidable.  They are a fact of life.  But they must be resolved and resolution requires a prioritization of loyalties.  It’s something I understand because like all members of AIPAC and its Jewish Zionist supporters, I have dual nationality.  In my case, I’m a citizen of both the United States and the Republic of Colombia and although I spent the vast majority of my life in the United States where I graduated from the Eastern Military Academy and then from the Citadel; and then from the St. John’s University School of Law, the Graduate Division of the New York University School of Law, and the University of Florida’s Center for Latin American Studies, I have spent the last eighteen years in the Republic of Colombia where I chaired the Political Science, Government and International programs at the Universidad Autónoma de Manizales and also taught in a master’s program dealing with Social Justice and the Quest for Peace at the Universidad de Caldas.  I love both countries profoundly but I have vehemently opposed United States aid to Colombia (e.g., Plan Colombia) because I felt the citizens of both countries should, as George Washington suggested in his farewell address[20], stand on their own metaphorical two feet.  I would never urge that United States taxpayers subsidize Colombia and certainly never suggest that United States tax payers should place the interests of Colombia over those of the United States[21].  And visa versa.  Unfortunately, that is not what has occurred with respect to those whose loyalties are split between Israel and the United States.  Were I Jewish and a dual citizen of Israel and the United States I would hope that my attitude would be the same but, … who can tell.  But were I a United States public official my priorities would be clear, as they would be were I a Colombian public official, or an Israeli public official, which may explain why I have always avoided public office or government employment.  Indeed, the phenomenon of public officials elected or appointed to protect the interests of their county accepting payments or contributions or assistance from other countries as an inducement to implement policies favorable to the “benefactor” is hardly rare and is the cornerstone of the foreign policy of many “developed countries” including the United States, the United Kingdom, all Western European countries, the Russian Federation and the People’s Republic of China.  In each case, however, the recipient is betraying the public trust of the citizens of the country he or she purports to represent.  The AIPAC/Israeli situation is primarily different in that such “contributions” are purportedly made by United States citizens and institutions seeking to divert resources from their fellow citizens to favor a foreign government and its expansionist ambitions.

This was not a pleasant essay to write.  The ugly specter of antisemitism which has existed for two millennia is now used by Zionists as a sword rather than as a shield and Zionists seemingly have no problem with endangering their fellow Jews, as long as their activities provide Israel with a fulcrum it can use to attain wealth and power, especially power.  But this essay is important.  Truth is important.  And anyone who perceives the situation I have posited in the manner which I interpret it owes it to his fellow citizens and to non-Zionist Jews, and to the people all over the world who are being oppressed and murdered by the millions, to make their opinions known. 

Silence ought not to be an option despite the certainty of unfounded reprisals and calumnies.
_____

© Guillermo Calvo Mahé; Manizales, 2026; all rights reserved.  Please feel free to share with appropriate attribution.

Guillermo (“Bill”) Calvo Mahé (a sometime poet and aspiring empirical philosopher) is a writer, political commentator and academic currently residing in the Republic of Colombia (although he has primarily lived in the United States of America of which he is also a citizen). Until 2017 he chaired the political science, government and international relations programs at the Universidad Autónoma de Manizales. Previously, he chaired the social studies and foreign language departments at the Eastern Military Academy in Huntington, New York. He is currently the publisher of the Inannite Review available at Substack.com; an intermittent commentator on radio and television; and, an occasional contributor to diverse periodicals and publications. He has academic degrees in political science (BA, The Citadel, the Military College of South Carolina), law (JD, St. John’s University, School of Law), international legal studies (LL.M, the Graduate Division of the New York University School of Law) and translation and linguistic studies (GCTS, the University of Florida’s Center for Latin American Studies). However, he is also fascinated by mythology, religion, physics, astronomy and mathematics, especially with matters related to quanta, cosmology and cosmogony. He can be contacted at guillermo.calvo.mahe@gmail.com and much of his writing is available through his blog at https://guillermocalvo.com/.


[1] The figure of Judas is very controversial and subject to drastically differing interpretations.  To some he was indeed a betrayer while to others he was a misguided Hebrew patriot and to still others, for example as described in the different versions of the Toledot Yeshu, a hero.  For the version described in the Toledot Yeshu, see Calvo Mahé, Guillermo (2024): “The Life of Yešu According to Diverse Jewish Sources” available at https://guillermocalvo.com/2024/10/09/the-life-of-yesu-according-to-diverse-jewish-sources/.  Interestingly, in that Jewish version, Yešu is acknowledged as fully capable of performing miracles and the Jerusalem Sanhedrin, with the miraculous help of Judas, is credited with his capture, torture and execution (contrary to the information in the Christian gospels which split the blame between the Sanhedrin and the Roman Procurator, Pontius Pilate).

[2] It’s commonly referred to as Potter’s Field because it had previously been a place where potters dug for clay, making it less suitable for other uses.

[3] That the word “purported” seems omnipresent in this essay is a reflection of how impossible it has become to discern “truth”, or perhaps, better yet, of how impossible it has always been to discern “truth”.

[4] The analogy should not offend Zionist Jews given that to them, or to many of them (as evidenced in the Toledot Yeshu referenced above), Judas was a major hero who helped the Sanhedrin capture and execute Yešu and the United States politicians who accept AIPAC’s financial support are heroes to them as well.  Zionist Christians however may feel differently.

[5] As always it is essential to recognize that Judaism and Zionism are not synonymous and that many Jews are in the vanguard of opposition to the activities of AIPAC and to Israeli atrocities in the Middle East and elsewhere.  Indeed, the claims of AIPAC, Zionism and Israel to act in the name of all Jews may well be the greatest source of increasing antisemitism.  See, e.g., Jewish Voice for Peace: “Our Approach to Zionism” available at https://www.jewishvoiceforpeace.org/resource/zionism/.

[6] Palestine was a part of the Ottoman Empire conquered as a result of the First World War and promised by British Lord Balfour to Zionist Lionel Walter Rothschild, 2nd Baron Rothschild, provided that Zionists could induce the United States to enter what has become known as World War I against the German Empire, notwithstanding that most Jews worldwide were sympathetic to Germany which was the European country that had been least antagonistic to Jews.  For a brief synopsis of the foregoing, readers may want to access and read Calvo Mahé (2024): “Zionists and the Holocaust: The One with a Capital H as Well as the One Taking Place Today, a disturbing reflection” available at https://guillermocalvo.com/2024/04/30/zionists-and-the-holocaust/.

[7] The Jewish Agency had been heavily involved in Jewish immigration into Palestine and in integrating immigrants into first the British Palestinian Mandate and then the State of Israel. It played a critical role in establishing the state, acting as a “state-in-waiting” before 1948.

[8] A brief related article was published in the New York Times on February 29, 1952 (leap day) entitled “I. L. Kenen in Zionist Unit Post” (available at https://www.nytimes.com/1952/02/29/archives/i-l-kenen-in-zionist-unit-post.html).  Mr. Kenan was identified in the article as the former director of information for the Jewish Agency in Palestine.  However, at the time it was published he had already been retained by the American Zionist Council (which had become the public relations arm of Zionist groups throughout the United States) as its representative in Washington, D.C. 

[9] As well as concerned that the Eisenhower administration suspected the American Zionist Council of being funded by the Israeli government.

[10] There have recently been allegations, purportedly based on numerous FBI files and materials produced with respect to criminal activities by the late Jeffrey Epstein (allegedly a Mossad asset) that because of President’s Kennedy’s antipathy towards Israeli interests, including matters involving AIPAC but also involving Israel’s quest for nuclear weapons, Israel was involved in the president’s assassination on November 22, 1963 but such allegations remain unproven and, apparently, uninvestigated, indeed, they have been vigorously contested by Israeli sympathizers who describe them as crazy conspiracy theories.  See generally Piper, M. C. (2004). Final judgment: The missing link in the JFK assassination conspiracy. American free Press, Washington, DC.

[11] Of the 535 current members of Congress, only 18 are declining to accept AIPAC financial support: Jamaal Bowman, Cori Bush, Pramila Jayapal, Summer Lee, Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, Ilhan Omar, Mark Pocan, Ayanna Pressley, Delia Ramirez, Rashida Tlaib, Nydia Velázquez, Bernie Sanders, Seth Moulton, Morgan McGarvey, Deborah, Valerie Foushee, Marjorie Taylor Greene, Thomas Massie and Matt Gaetz.  Some of them, however, have only recently repudiated AIPAC financial support, having benefitted from it in the past.

[12] After October 7, 2023, Israel has received massive direct United States funding and weaponry and the United States has directly spent multiples of its prior generosity towards Israel in support of Israeli genocide and ethnic cleansing in Palestine (Gaza and the West Bank, Syria, Lebanon and most recently, Iran).

[13] As of 2024, 50 Israeli billionaires alone had a combined wealth of approximately 250 billion dollars and the wealth of American Zionist billionaires exceeded 1.3 trillion dollars.

[14] See generally Mearsheimer, John and Walt, Stephen (2006): “The Israel Lobby and U.S. Foreign Policy“.  London Review of Books Vol. 28, No. 6 (March 23, 2006), available at http://www.lrb.co.uk.

[15] AIPAC does not typically publish a public list of its board members, but reports indicate it is governed by approximately 50 people, including 41 board members and 9 senior executives who direct operations but it claims that it has five million members, 17 regional offices, and “a vast pool of donors”.

[16] See “Discrimination & Hate Crimes Against Christian Palestinians in the Holy Land”, Institute for Middle East Understanding, December 24, 2015 available at https://imeu.org/resources/resources/discrimination-hate-crimes-against-christian-palestinians-in-the-holy-land/155.

[17] A final but very important note.  Antisemitism is and always has been a vile belief system and this essay should in no sense be deemed as supporting of generalized hatred towards Jews, whether as a religion, a nationality, an ethnicity or as a belief system.  The author has tried to make this clear throughout this essay but is aware that antisemites may try to use the information contained herein to bolster their antisemitic allegations, and that conversely, Zionists, seeking to equate opposition to Israel and AIPAC with antisemitism, will accuse the author, as they do any critics of Israeli policies, of antisemitism.  Nothing could be less accurate as both interpretations are equally vile and equally unjustified.  There are worlds of differences between opposition to Zionist depredations and hatred of Jews in general, and nothing increases the danger of antisemitism today more than Zionist attempts to equate Zionism with Judaism, as many Jews, religious as well as agnostic and even atheist regularly make clear through massive protests against Zionism.

[18] See Calvo Mahé (2026): “Irony by the Dawn’s Early Light”; The Inannite Review, Substack, March 29, 2026 available at https://open.substack.com/pub/guillermocalvomah/p/irony-by-the-dawns-early-light?utm_source=share&utm_medium=android&r=lwzkv.

[19] See, e.g., Speech by Colombian President Gustavo Petro at the 79th UN General Assembly, New York, September 24, 2024 available at https://progressive.international/wire/2024-09-25-discurso-del-presidente-gustavo-petro-en-la-79-asamblea-general-de-la-onu/en/.

[20] Washington, George; Hamilton, Alexander and Madison, James (1796):  “Farewell Address to the People of the United States”; David Claypole’s American Daily Advertiser, September 19, 1796, available at https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1074&context=etas.

[21] Unfortunately, in the Republic of Colombia as in the United States, there are politicians and voters only too willing to embrace an Israel uber alles stance, especially on the right side of the political spectrum. Two of the current leading presidential candidates for this May’s elections, Senator Paloma Valencia and Mr. Abelardo de la Espriella, have embraced Israel, as did their political mentor, former president Alvaro Uribe Velez who accepted Israeli help while governor of the Department of Antioquia and then as president in the training and financing of paramilitary death squads during the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries.

A Pragmatic Very Brief Reflection on the Safeguard American Voter Eligibility (SAVE) Act

An article published recently by Sue Seboda entitled “The Clash over Immigration: Part 1

What History Can Teach Us” and available at https://sueseboda.substack.com/p/the-clash-over-immigration-part-1?r=87oth offers relevant objective historical insights essential in order to contextualize the arguments for and against the Safeguard American Voter Eligibility (“SAVE”) Act, arguments equally ignorant and emotional on both sides rather than cogent and carefully considered.  I recommend that all prospective voters read Sue’s article, or another one equally objective and complete.

My personal position[1], based on pragmatic as well as constitutional grounds, is that the issues dealt with in the Act, as well as related issues such as “birthright citizenship”, are best dealt with through a comprehensive constitutional amendment rather than through legislation and especially, rather than through a presidential decree.  Indeed, I’ve noted that in light of the federal nature of the United States, as a pragmatic issue, an easily accessible national registry of citizens, including a regularly updated nationalized identification system (such as exist in most of the world) might well prove essential given the transient nature of most residencies and the fact that federal elections are conducted at the county level (subdivided into electoral districts and polling stations)[2].

On pragmatic grounds that supporters of the Act should recognize but many don’t, preferring to react on a “no-matter-what support for the Act” basis, legislation and presidential decrees are easily reversible once the opposition attains power, something that, absent the advent of a long-term dictatorship, is probable.  Thus, today’s triumphs could easily turn into defeats in the same manner that executive actions by presidents Obama and Biden circumventing legislations were promptly overturned by Mr. Trump.  A well thought out, argued and evaluated constitutional solution would provide long term stability and clarity. 

I personally support liberal immigration policies, strictly enforced.  I do so for several reasons, moral as well as practical.  Morally, the United States, despite always having been intensely xenophobic, was purportedly founded as a haven for foreigners as exemplified in Emma Lazarus’s sonnet, the “New Colossus” and, if the country is to remain true to its purported ideals, continued immigration is an essential pillar.  But ignoring the foregoing, the reality is that current and anticipated demographics demonstrate a decreasing birthrate and a concurrent increase in the aging population which means that without an influx of new taxpayers and contributors to social security, the social security system and indeed, the treasury, will soon lack the necessary financing to fund essential government programs.  That is a reality, unpleasant but unavoidable.  Consequently, not only the United States but Western Europe desperately require not only their current immigrants, legal as well as undocumented, but additional immigrants as well.  The real obstacle to the foregoing however involves racial, ethnic and religious bigotry with current citizens unwilling to see demographic changes that ironically duplicate those occasioned when their own ancestors immigrated and changed preexisting demographic realities.  Ask any Native American.  That bigoted reality existed during the colonial period when English colonists despised German newcomers, and then when they both despised Italian immigrants, and then the Hispanics, and especially for some reason, Asiatics[3].

So, I suggest you read at least the initial part of the cogent article by Sue Seboda referenced above and then, considering the issues I’ve raised in this brief reflection, think clearly rather than emotionally, avoiding reaction merely based on your political loyalties (they should reflect your opinions rather than forming them) and, based on facts rather than emotions, arrive at a wise and workable political posture that you will hopefully share with others.  Hopefully many others.  Whichever side of the issue you find most palatable.

_____

© Guillermo Calvo Mahé; Manizales, 2026; all rights reserved.  Please feel free to share with appropriate attribution.

Guillermo (“Bill”) Calvo Mahé (a sometime poet and aspiring empirical philosopher) is a writer, political commentator and academic currently residing in the Republic of Colombia (although he has primarily lived in the United States of America of which he is also a citizen). Until 2017 he chaired the political science, government and international relations programs at the Universidad Autónoma de Manizales. Previously, he chaired the social studies and foreign language departments at the Eastern Military Academy in Huntington, New York. He is currently the publisher of the Inannite Review available at Substack.com; an intermittent commentator on radio and television; and, an occasional contributor to diverse periodicals and publications. He has academic degrees in political science (BA, The Citadel, the Military College of South Carolina), law (JD, St. John’s University, School of Law), international legal studies (LL.M, the Graduate Division of the New York University School of Law) and translation and linguistic studies (GCTS, the University of Florida’s Center for Latin American Studies). However, he is also fascinated by mythology, religion, physics, astronomy and mathematics, especially with matters related to quanta, cosmology and cosmogony. He can be contacted at guillermo.calvo.mahe@gmail.com and much of his writing is available through his blog at https://guillermocalvo.com/.


[1] I should disclose that I arrived as an immigrant to the United States, joining my mother and new step father (a native born US citizen whose parents had immigrated to the United States from Greece), on or about October 12, 1952, albeit as a legal, fully documented immigrant, and that I am currently a dual United States-Colombian citizen.  Much easier way back then.

[2] I note that in the past I have been a member of the United States Libertarian Party, indeed, I was a member of the Executive Committee of the Libertarian Party of Florida, and that such political party vehemently opposes a national identification system, as has, in the past, the Republican Party.  For many decades now, however, I’ve been a registered “independent”.

[3] The Civil War era American Party (better known as the Know Nothings) was illustrative of the foregoing, see generally Calvo Mahé (2026): “On the Organic Ancestry of MAGA and of Its Ironic Incoherence”, published on various platforms including the Medium, Substack and on my personal blog on February 10, 2026), available at https://guillermocalvo.com/2026/02/10/on-the-organic-ancestry-of-maga-and-of-its-ironic-incoherence/.

Very Brief Reflections Adolf Hitler and Franklin D. Roosevelt and on the Nature of Truth

It seems uncanny that Adolph Hitler and Franklin D. Roosevelt overlapped almost perfectly in their tenures as heads of state and that they both died in office, albeit under very different circumstances. 

I wonder what a deep and objective analysis of their lives and characters seeking other similarities might find.  A superficial analysis would probably conclude that they were both masters of political manipulation, tailoring their messages to their audiences and that they both often presented themselves as men of peace to international audiences to secure treaties, only to break them shortly after.

Interesting.

Of course, an objective analysis of either of them is improbable, especially one concerning Mr. Hitler although, given the changing attitudes towards genocide and ethnic cleansing and lebensraum, and concerning the propriety of violating human rights and of sneak attacks, etc., perhaps I’m mistaken.

I wonder what a human being melded from the two of them might be like?  Then again, perhaps one is presently omnipresent and we’ve just failed to identify the components from which he’s composed.  What if he exists and was born within a year or so of their deaths?

Hmmmm.

It’s a strange world nowadays although, it probably always has been.  Truth has always been in the eye of the beholder, especially myopic beholders with astigmatisms, cataracts, glaucoma and other visual disorders, you know, the kind from which historians and journalists suffer when engaging in their professional duties. 

Truth: not only relative but incoherent, as though quanta had something to do with it.
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© Guillermo Calvo Mahé; Manizales, 2026; all rights reserved.  Please feel free to share with appropriate attribution.

Guillermo (“Bill”) Calvo Mahé (a sometime poet and aspiring empirical philosopher) is a writer, political commentator and academic currently residing in the Republic of Colombia (although he has primarily lived in the United States of America of which he is also a citizen). Until 2017 he chaired the political science, government and international relations programs at the Universidad Autónoma de Manizales. Previously, he chaired the social studies and foreign language departments at the Eastern Military Academy in Huntington, New York. He is currently the publisher of the Inannite Review available at Substack.com; an intermittent commentator on radio and television; and, an occasional contributor to diverse periodicals and publications. He has academic degrees in political science (BA, The Citadel, the Military College of South Carolina), law (JD, St. John’s University, School of Law), international legal studies (LL.M, the Graduate Division of the New York University School of Law) and translation and linguistic studies (GCTS, the University of Florida’s Center for Latin American Studies). However, he is also fascinated by mythology, religion, physics, astronomy and mathematics, especially with matters related to quanta, cosmology and cosmogony. He can be contacted at guillermo.calvo.mahe@gmail.com and much of his writing is available through his blog at https://guillermocalvo.com/.